Forest operations,tree species composition and decline in rainfall explain runoff changes in the Nacimiento experimental catchments,south central Chile     

Andrés Iroumé  Julia Jones  James C. Bathurst 《水文研究》2021,35(6):e14257

Few long-term studies have explored how intensively managed short rotation forest plantations interact with climate variability. We examine how prolonged severe drought and forest operations affect runoff in 11 experimental catchments on private corporate forest land near Nacimiento in south central Chile over the period 2008–2019. The catchments (7.7–414 ha) contain forest plantations of exotic fast-growing species (Pinus radiata, Eucalyptus spp.) at various stages of growth in a Mediterranean climate (mean long-term annual rainfall = 1381 mm). Since 2010, a drought, unprecedented in recent history, has reduced rainfall at Nacimiento by 20%, relative to the long-term mean. Pre-drought runoff ratios were <0.2 under 8-year-old Eucalyptus; >0.4 under 21-year-old Radiata pine and >0.8 where herbicide treatments had controlled vegetation for 2 years in 38% of the catchment area. Early in the study period, clearcutting of Radiata pine (85%–95% of catchment area) increased streamflow by 150 mm as compared with the year before harvest, while clearcutting and partial cuts of Eucalyptus did not increase streamflow. During 2008–2019, the combination of emerging drought and forestry treatments (replanting with Eucalyptus after clearcutting of Radiata pine and Eucalyptus) reduced streamflow by 400–500 mm, and regeneration of previously herbicide-treated vegetation combined with growth of Eucalyptus plantations reduced streamflow by 1125 mm (87% of mean annual precipitation 2010–2019). These results from one of the most comprehensive forest catchment studies in the world on private industrial forest land indicate that multiple decades of forest management have reduced deep soil moisture reservoirs. This effect has been exacerbated by drought and conversion from Radiata pine to Eucalyptus, apparently largely eliminating subsurface supply to streamflow. The findings reveal tradeoffs between wood production and water supply, provide lessons for adapting forest management to the projected future drier climate in Chile, and underscore the need for continued experimental work in managed forest plantations.  相似文献   

改进的多道预测算子压制浅水多次波方法          下载免费PDF全文

周小鹏  刘伊克  李鹏 《地球物理学报》2019,62(2):667-679

在浅水情况下，由于观测数据中缺少近偏移距信息，水层多次波的压制面临挑战.利用多道预测算子压制水层多次波是浅水环境下压制多次波的重要方法之一，这种方法先从输入数据中估计出多道预测算子，再将预测算子和输入数据做褶积预测出水层相关多次波.然而，估计的多道预测算子很容易受噪声污染，从而影响多次波模型的精度.所以，我们提出了改进的多道预测算子压制浅水多次波方法.该方法先从数据中估计出多道预测算子，并利用估计的算子构建出精确的水层模型；然后，通过计算算子的走时信息、估计振幅信息、合成新算子三个步骤来修正原始的多道预测算子.修正的算子不仅不受噪声影响，还含有精确的走时信息、可靠的振幅信息；最后，该方法用修正的算子来预测多次波，并结合自适应相减，将预测的多次波从输入数据中去除.通过合成数据和实际资料的验证表明，相比于原始的多道预测算子压制多次波方法，改进的方法能够取得更好的压制效果.  相似文献   

关于山东省地热尾水回灌试验的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

崔圆圆 《山东国土资源》2019,35(7)

为解决地热水开采利用过程中造成诸如水位下降、热流体排放引起的热污染和化学污染等问题,通过开展地热尾水回灌试验研究,认为在开采深层的地下热水资源的同时,必须进行人工的回灌补源,山东省通过在德州、东营、济南等地开展地热尾水回灌试验工作,效果显著。  相似文献   

How changes of groundwater level affect the desert riparian forest ecosystem in the Ejina Oasis,Northwest China     

HaiYang Xi  JingTian Zhang  Qi Feng  Lu Zhang  JianHua Si  TengFei Yu 《寒旱区科学》2019,11(1):62-80

Groundwater is a key factor controlling the growth of vegetation in desert riparian systems. It is important to recognise how groundwater changes affect the riparian forest ecosystem. This information will not only help us to understand the ecological and hydrological process of the riparian forest but also provide support for ecological recovery of riparian forests and water-resources management of arid inland river basins. This study aims to estimate the suitability of the Water Vegetation Energy and Solute Modelling(WAVES) model to simulate the Ejina Desert riparian forest ecosystem changes,China, to assess effects of groundwater-depth change on the canopy leaf area index(LAI) and water budgets, and to ascertain the suitable groundwater depth for preserving the stability and structure of desert riparian forest. Results demonstrated that the WAVES model can simulate changes to ecological and hydrological processes. The annual mean water consumption of a Tamarix chinensis riparian forest was less than that of a Populus euphratica riparian forest, and the canopy LAI of the desert riparian forest should increase as groundwater depth decreases. Groundwater changes could significantly influence water budgets for T. chinensis and P. euphratica riparian forests and show the positive and negative effects on vegetation growth and water budgets of riparian forests. Maintaining the annual mean groundwater depth at around 1.7-2.7 m is critical for healthy riparian forest growth. This study highlights the importance of considering groundwater-change impacts on desert riparian vegetation and water-balance applications in ecological restoration and efficient water-resource management in the Heihe River Basin.  相似文献   

利用水系沉积物高程定量恢复古地貌的技术方法——以鲁西白彦地区白彦砾岩为例          下载免费PDF全文

程光锁  于学峰  杨斌  胡戈  李兆营  周军  刘卫东  罗文强  马祥县 《山东国土资源》2019,35(9)

主要分析了构造抬升对水系和地形的影响和恢复,以从古生代灰岩围岩中大面积但零星出露的岩溶砾岩点为研究对象,对区域古水系和地形地貌恢复和反演做出了新的尝试。在收集资料和实测的基础上,尝试性探讨了利用稳定水体参照物高程反演抬升高度以及邻区山峰点的古高程、古水系,恢复区域上古地形地貌的技术方法。并以白彦地区为例,通过白彦岩溶砾岩的分布、产状、金刚石矿物含量、岩性等地质特征,恢复白彦地区古地形线、古水系位置和流向等古地理地貌,指出在白彦期时代,该区总体发育4个水系,邹城市大石墙水系、枣庄水系、平邑水系、费县水系,水系中金刚石含量较为丰富的砾岩点大多分布在凤凰山隆起中心,其中在平邑水系推测存在一个山地峡谷中的古湖泊。认为蒙山凸起中已知的常马庄地区的金伯利岩脉所含有金刚石可能主要供应平邑区水系,其他3个地区水系的金刚石可能来源于凤凰山及其东部隆起剥蚀地区。  相似文献   

滕州荆泉水源地岩溶塌陷特征与成因分析          下载免费PDF全文

贾继成  孟宪洲  白平 《山东国土资源》2018,34(6)

自2015年6月以来,在山东滕州荆泉水源地范围内连续发生多起岩溶塌陷。通过研究区域地质条件,在已有认识的基础上分析得出发育的浅层开口岩溶洞隙的存在,一定厚度的松散覆盖层及地下水位大幅下降是该区产生岩溶塌陷的基本条件。阐述了岩溶塌陷形成发育过程及影响因素,得出长期过量抽采岩溶水是区内岩溶塌陷的主要因素,合理减少地下水开采量是预防岩溶塌陷最有效的方法。  相似文献   

红沿河核电站取水口海冰堆积特性的离散元分析     

龙雪  季顺迎  王跃方 《海洋工程》2018,36(3):51-58

在寒冷地区,海冰在核电站取水结构物前的堆积会对取水口造成阻塞和损坏,进而影响核电设备的正常运作。以红沿河核电站的取水设施为例,综合考虑该工程海域冰区特点及风和流的作用等因素。建立了海冰的离散元模型,用于模拟海冰在结构物前的堆积和破坏过程。该离散元模型由规则排列的球体颗粒构成,颗粒间采用平行黏结模型进行黏结。考虑了海冰的平均尺寸、密集度及流速三个因素对海冰堆积过程的影响,对海冰堆积高度进行预判。其中,堆积高度随海冰的密集度和流速的增大而增大,而海冰的平均尺寸对堆积高度没有明显影响。分析结果表明,离散元数值模拟可用于评估和预测取水工程中海冰堆积造成堵塞的风险。  相似文献   

The bivalve Lembulus bicuspidatus may enhance denitrification in shelf sediment at the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone     

A Neumann  A Flohr 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):91-96

We collected living individuals of the bivalve Lembulus bicuspidatus, which shows an unusual preference for the oxygen-deficient habitat found at the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone of the southeastern Atlantic. With a series of incubation experiments with ¹⁵N-labelled nitrate as a tracer in combination with membrane-inlet mass spectrometry, we studied the potential contribution of L. bicuspidatus to nitrate reduction in the upper sediment layer. Our preliminary results suggest that L. bicuspidatus enhances nitrate reduction if the oxygen concentration is sufficiently low. The Lembulus-mediated nitrate reduction rate is then similar to the rate of microbial nitrate reduction in the surrounding sediment.  相似文献   

深水铺管船托管架疲劳分析及动态监测点选取研究     

闫宏生  王哲  王晓波  陈永訢  孟祥伟 《海洋工程》2018,36(1):107-113

作为S型铺管作业的关键性装备,托管架长期承受着交变载荷的作用,随着海洋开发向超深水发展,结构疲劳破坏问题不容忽视。采用疲劳谱分析的方法并结合线性累积损伤理论,对托管架结构频域下的变形进行了分析,计算了正常海况下和极端海况下托管架疲劳损伤度并对疲劳寿命进行了评估。研究发现托管架在正常海况下作业符合安全要求,在极端海况下局部结构会受到破坏。并从托管架结构安全监测角度,筛选了结构疲劳分析关键点位,为监测点位的选取提供了依据。  相似文献   

A Pilot‐Scale Diatomite Membrane Bioreactor for Slightly Polluted Surface Water Treatment          下载免费PDF全文

Wen Sun  Cuimei Li  Bingzhi Dong  Huaqiang Chu 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(9)

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